Spanish Culture

The primary author of this profile was Nina Evason (2018).

• Al Jazeera. (2017, November 15). Inside Catalonia’s Battle Over Independence From Spain [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9k0yb4dtoQ
• Antonia, M. A. (2005, May 17). Reconciliation of work, and family life for women in Spain. Eurofound. https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/observatories/eurwork/articles/reconciliation-of-work-and-family-life-for-women-in-spain
• Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2021). People in Australia who were born in Spain [Data set]. 2021 Census Country of Birth QuickStats. https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/3108_AUS
• Baker, R. (2013, April 29). Spaniards flock to Australia to escape economic woes. ABC News. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-04-29/spanish-workers-flock-to-australia/4655314
• Baskett, S., Brown, J. & Dubin, M. S. (2004). The Rough Guide to Spain. London: Rough Guides.
• BBC News. (2013, April 25). Spain unemployment hits record high. http://www.bbc.com/news/business-22290422
• BBC News. (2019, October 18). Catalonia’s bid for independence from Spain explained. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-29478415
• BBC. (2014, October 14). Languages across Europe: Spain [Archived page]. http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/european_languages/countries/spain.shtml
• Central Intelligence Agency. (2023). Spain. The World Factbook. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/spain/
• Choi, A. S. (2014, July 15). How cultures around the world think about parenting. TED Conferences. https://ideas.ted.com/how-cultures-around-the-world-think-about-parenting/
• COMMISCEO Global. (2017). Spain Guide. Commisceo Global Consultancy. https://www.commisceo-global.com/country-guides/spain-guide
• CoverMore. (2015, September 7). How to Deal with Culture Shock – Spain. https://www.covermore.com.au/blog/europe/how-to-deal-with-culture-shock-spain
• Culture Crossing. (2017). Spain. Culture Crossing Guide. http://guide.culturecrossing.net/basics_business_student_details.php?Id=30&CID=189
• Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. (2022). Spain country brief. Australian Government. http://dfat.gov.au/geo/spain/Pages/spain-country-brief.aspx
• Department of Home Affairs. (2018). Community Information Summary: Spain-born. Commonwealth of Australia. https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/mca/files/2016-cis-spain.PDF
• Directorate General for Language Policy. (2013). Language Use of the Population of Catalonia: Key results of the Survey on Language Use of the Population 2013 [Report]. Government of Catalonia. http://llengua.gencat.cat/web/.content/documents/publicacions/altres/arxius/EULP2013_angles.pdf
• European Commission. (2006). Europeans and their Languages (Special Eurobarometer 243). https://data.europa.eu/data/datasets/s518_64_3_ebs243?locale=en
• European Commission. (2019). The social acceptance of LGBTI people in the EU (Special Eurobarometer on Discrimination, 439). https://commission.europa.eu/system/files/2019-10/infographics_2019_lgbti_final.pdf
• Eurostat. (2022a). Divorce rates in Europe in 2020, by country, per 100 marriages. Statistica. https://www.statista.com/statistics/612207/divorce-rates-in-european-countries-per-100-marriages/
• Eurostat. (2022b). Unemployment statistics at regional level [Data set]. European Union. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Unemployment_statistics_at_regional_level
• Eurostat. (2023a). Population by age group: Spain [Data set]. European Union. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tps00010__custom_9207235/default/table?lang=en
• Eurostat. (2023b). Unemployment rates by sex, age, educational attainment level and NUTS 2 regions (%) [Data set]. European Union. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/lfst_r_lfu3rt__custom_9207403/default/table?lang=en
• Fitjar, R. D. (2009). The Rise of Regionalism: Causes of Regional Mobilisation in Western Europe. London: Routledge.
• Fodors Travel. (2011, March 11). Customs and Etiquette in Spain: 15 Things Every Visitor Should Know. https://www.fodors.com/news/customs-and-eti-3900
• Freeman, S. T. (2001). Spain. In M. Ember & C. R. Ember (Eds.), Countries and Their Cultures: Saint Kitts and Nevis to Zimbabwe (Vol. 4, pp. 2064–2085). Macmillan Reference USA; Advameg. http://www.everyculture.com/Sa-Th/Spain.html
• Global Affairs Canada. (2015). Culture – Spain. Government of Canada. https://www.international.gc.ca/cil-cai/country_insights-apercus_pays/overview-apercu_es.aspx?lang=eng
• Harrison, R. J., Viguera, M. J., Smith, C. D., Ginés, J. V., Koenigsberger, H. G., Shubert, A., Rodriguez, V., Richardson, J. S., Carr, R., & O'Callaghan, J. F. (2024, January 2). Spain. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Spain
• Hofsetede Insights. (2018). Country Comparison Tool: Spain. The Culture Factor Group. http://www.hofstede-insights.com/country-comparison/spain/
• Instituto Nacional de Esyadística. (2015). Marriages and births in Spain [Archived article]. Eurostat. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Archive:Marriages_and_births_in_Spain
• Instituto Nacional de Esyadística. (2022a). Average age at First-Marriage by sex and nationality (Spanish/Foreign) [Data set]. https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=1380
• Instituto Nacional de Esyadística. (2022b). Basic Demographic Indicators 2021 [Final data report]. https://www.ine.es/CDINEbase/consultar.do?mes=&operacion=Indicadores+demogr%E1ficos+b%E1sicos&id_oper=Ir
• Instituto Nacional de Esyadística. (2023). Statistics on Annulments, Separations and Divorces Year 2022 [Press Release]. https://www.ine.es/en/prensa/ensd_2022_en.pdf
• Jones, J. (2015, April 16). Rajoy more hated than Franco among youth. The Local. https://www.thelocal.es/20150416/rajoy-more-disliked-than-franco-among-youth
• Jones, J. (2017, June 11). It’s time to put the tired Spanish siesta stereotype to bed. BBC. http://www.bbc.com/capital/story/20170609-its-time-to-put-the-tired-spanish-siesta-stereotype-to-bed
• Jose Mateo, J. (2017, June 2). It’s the politicians, stupid. El País. https://elpais.com/elpais/2017/06/02/inenglish/1496405099_251051.html
• Just Landed. (2016). Social Customs in Spain. https://www.justlanded.com/english/Spain/Articles/Culture/Social-customs-in-Spain
• Kelley, P. (2017, February 22). Spaniards’ lack of sleep isn’t a cultural thing - they’re in the wrong time zone. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/feb/22/spaniards-sleep-time-zone-spain
• Malaga, B. (2007). Guide to Etiquette in Spain [Blog post]. Tripadvisor. https://www.tripadvisor.com.au/ShowTopic-g187427-i42-k1351702-Guide_to_Etiquette_in_Spain-Spain.html
• Mangen, S. (2001). Spanish Society After Franco: Regime Transition and the Welfare State. New York: Palgrave.
• Meaney, M. & Viguer, B. A. (2016). Spain – Culture Smart!: The Essential Guide to Customs and Culture. Malaysia: Bravo Limited.
• Minority Rights Group International. (2018, September). Spain – Roma/Gypsies. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples. http://minorityrights.org/minorities/gypsies/
• Museums Victoria. (2017). Immigration History from Spain to Victoria. Origins. https://origins.museumsvictoria.com.au/countries/spain/
• OECD. (2022). Evolving Family Models in Spain: A New National Framework for Improved Support and Protection for Families. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/c27e63ab-en
• Office of International Religious Freedom. (2022). 2022 Report on International Religious Freedom: Spain. U.S. Department of State. https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/256457.pdf
• Pariona, A. (2018, June 14). The Major Religions in Spain. World Atlas. https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/religion-in-spain.html
• Passport to Trade. (2014). Meeting Etiquette. http://businessculture.org/southern-europe/business-culture-in-spain/meeting-etiquette-in-spain/
• ProQuest. (2017). Culture Grams: Spain. Michigan: ProQuest.
• Rainsford, S. (2010, November 6). Catholic Church in Spain fights Franco-era image. BBC News. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-11698387
• Rough Guides. (2018). Culture and Etiquette in Spain. https://www.roughguides.com/spain/culture-etiquette/
• Schrade, A. O. (1972). Children’s Responses Toward Spanish Cultures through the Integration of Fles, Language Arts and Social Studies [Doctoral Dissertation]. https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=osu1486739553813085&disposition=inline
• Simple Logica. (2016). Índices de opinión pública. http://www.simplelogica.com/iop/iop16020_la_siesta_entre_los_espa%C3%B1oles.asp
• Spanish Centre for Sociological Research. (2018). Barometer Of January 2018. http://www.cis.es/cis/export/sites/default/-Archivos/Marginales/3200_3219/3203/es3203mar.pdf
• Stanic, C. (2023, June 21). Nonverbal Communication Rules in Spanish Cultures. All Getaways. https://getawaytips.azcentral.com/nonverbal-communication-rules-in-spanish-cultures-12363547.html
• Transparency International. (2023). Corruption Perceptions Index 2022. https://www.transparency.org/en/countries/spain
• United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. (2019). Mean age of men at first marriage [Table]. https://w3.unece.org/PXWeb/en/Table?IndicatorCode=303
• Vox. (2017, November 3). Catalonia’s independence movement explained [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__mZkioPp3E
• Warburton, K. (2017). Business Culture in Spain. https://www.worldbusinessculture.com/country-profiles/spain/culture/business-teams/
• Zeffiro, N. (2016, December 20). The Direct Etiquette of Spain. JYAN Blog. https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/posts/the-direct-etiquette-of-spain