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... Migration History There was very little Turkish migration to Australia before the 20th century. Following World War I, Turks in Australia could be interned as ‘enemy aliens’ due to their country’s alliance in the war. The White Australia Policy and the 192 ...

... Migration During the 19th century, most Indian immigration to Australia consisted of labourers that accompanied British subjects from India. Many worked as hawkers and agricultural labourers. The introduction of the White Australia Policy at the turn of th ...

... Tonga was first listed in the census under the name ‘The Friendly Islands' as a place of birth, bestowed by Captain James Cook due to the friendly reception he received on his first visit to the islands in 1773. The Tonga-born population in Australia has r ...

... In the early 19th century, a small number of Samoans migrated to Australia due to perceived commercial and educational opportunities. In the 1850s, Wesleyan Christian missionaries from Australia began to visit Samoa. This led to Samoan pastors travelling t ...

... Due to colonial Australia’s beginnings as a penal colony of Britain, British migration has deeply influenced the cultural and social makeup of society. Between 1788 and 1852, around 100,000 (mostly British) convicts were transported to Eastern Australia.1 ...

... Migration History The first ever Mexican recorded in Australia was a male living in Tasmania in 1881. The Mexican-born population numbered fewer than a hundred people throughout the first half of the 20th century. Exact numbers were unknown in the 1950s an ...

... Migration History There are few records of Palestinian migration to Australia before the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948. From this point onwards, Palestinian migration patterns are generally traceable to geopolitical events in the region. How ...

... Links between Portugal and Australia may extend as far back as 250 years before Captain Cook’s voyage to Australia. Indeed, there is evidence to suggest that Portugal was the first European country to visit Australia in the 16th century. Three hundred year ...

... Close links between Austria and Australia have been present since the earliest days of the colonial period. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, Austrians visited Australia as members of scientific and diplomatic communities as well as on religious missio ...

... There has been an ongoing exchange of migration between New Zealand and Australia since both countries’ colonial beginnings. This relationship is influenced by close geographic proximity, shared history as colonies of the British Commonwealth, and the ANZA ...