French Culture

The primary author of this profile is Chara Scroope (2017). The Naming section was updated in 2021 and the Religion section was updated in 2024.

• Andress, D. (Ed.). (2023). The Routledge Handbook of French History. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367808471
• Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2021a). 4-digit level ANCP Ancestry Multi Response by Australia (UR) (2021 Census of Population and Housing) [Data set]. ABS Census TableBuilder.
• Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2021b). People in Australia who were born in France [Data set]. 2021 Census Country of Birth QuickStats. https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/2303_AUS
• Australian Trade and Investment Commission. (2024). Doing business in France | Explore markets. https://export.business.gov.au/find-export-markets/market-explorer-tool/market-explorer-results/all/all/fra
• Bachrach, B., Bernard, F., Bisson, T. N., Blondel, J., Drinkwater, J. F., Elkins, T. H., & Wright, G. (2017). France. In Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/France#toc215768main
• Bibard, F. (2015). French Names: Everything you always wanted to know. https://www.talkinfrench.com/french-name-meaning/
• Caeiro, A., & Peter, F. (2014). The Construction of Radical Islam in France: The Headscarf Affair. In F. Peter & R. Ortega (Eds.), Islamic Movements of Europe: Public Religion and Islamophobia in the Modern World (1st ed., pp. 337–343). I.B.Tauris. https://doi.org/10.5040/9780755611638
• Central Intelligence Agency. (2024). France. The World Factbook. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/france/
• Chelini-Pont, B. (2021). France. In G. Davie & L. N. Leustean (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Europe (pp. 617–633). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198834267.013.34
• Commisceo Global Consulting. (2016). Guide to French Culture, Etiquette and Business Practices. COMMISCEO Global. http://www.commisceo-global.com/country-guides/france-guide
• Culture Crossing. (2014). France. Culture Crossing Guide. http://guide.culturecrossing.net/basics_business_student.php?id=71
• Culture Factor Group. (2024). Country Comparison tool: France. https://www.theculturefactor.com/country-comparison-tool?countries=france
• Department of Home Affairs. (2018). France-born: Community Information Summary (Census of Population and Housing 2016, Country Data Summary). Commonwealth of Australia. https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/mca/files/2016-cis-france.PDF
• Dobbelaere, K. (2006). Western European Catholic Societies. In M. Juergensmeyer (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Global Religions (pp. 255–264). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195137989.003.0025
• Duchesne, S. (2016). National Identity in France: A blind spot. In R. Elgie, E. Grossman, & A. G. Mazur (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of French Politics (pp. 483–504). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199669691.013.22
• eDiplomat. (2016). France. http://www.ediplomat.com/np/cultural_etiquette/ce_fr.htm
• Ellwood, D. (2013, September 25). Why do the French insist on their ‘cultural exception’? https://blog.oup.com/2013/09/french-cultural-exception/
• Freadman, A. (2017). From assimilation to Jewish identity: The dilemmas of French Jewry under the Occupation. French Cultural Studies, 28(1), 54–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957155816678595
• Freud-Kandel, M. (2021). Judaism and Europe. In G. Davie & L. N. Leustean (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Europe (pp. 517–533). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198834267.013.28
• Globe Media. (2017). Local Culture in France. Expat Arrivals. http://www.expatarrivals.com/france/culture-shock-in-france
• Hewitt, N. (Ed.). (2003). The Cambridge Companion to Modern French Culture. Cambridge University Press.
• iExplore. (n.d.). French Culture and History. http://www.iexplore.com/articles/travel-guides/europe/france/french-culture-and-history
• Just Landed. (2016). Social customs in France. https://www.justlanded.com/english/France/Articles/Culture/Social-customs-in-France
• Kassam, A. (2024, June 21). ‘They’re trying to divide us’: Muslims in France voice fears over rise of far right. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/jun/21/france-snap-parliamentary-elections-muslims-lyon-far-right-national-rally
• Kastoryano, R., & Escafré-Dublet, A. (2016). Identity, Culture, and Politics: The other and the self in France. In R. Elgie, E. Grossman, & A. G. Mazur (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of French Politics (pp. 81–101). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199669691.013.5
• Kelly, M. (2003). Religion, politics and culture in France. In N. Hewitt (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Modern French Culture (pp. 165–186). Cambridge University Press.
• Kelly, M. (2017). Laïcité and atheism in France. French Cultural Studies, 28(1), 111–122. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957155816679917
• Khalidi, S., McIlroy, F., & Neumayer, H. (2012). The Cultural Dictionary and Directory of People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Backgrounds (3rd ed.). Migrant and Refugee Settlement Services of the ACT Inc. https://marss.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/The_Cultural_Dictionary.pdf
• King, T. (2004, March 20). Secularism in France. Prospect. https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/magazine/secularisminfrance
• Koffler, J. (2015, June 29). Here are places women can’t take their husband’s name when they get married. TIME. http://time.com/3940094/maiden-married-names-countries/
• Lewis, R. D. (2006). When Cultures Collide: Leading Across Cultures (3rd ed.). Nicholas Brealey Publishing.
• Massignon, B. (2010). French Laïcité, between National Conflict and Local Compromises: For an Interactionist Approach to the Concept of Political Culture. In E. Sengers & T. Sunier (Eds.), Religious Newcomers and the Nation State: Political Culture and Organized Religion in France and the Netherlands (pp. 47–58). Eburon.
• Museums Victoria. (2017). Immigration History from France to Victoria. Museums Victoria. https://origins.museumsvictoria.com.au/countries/malta
• Obadia, L. (2010). France. In J. G. Melton & M. Baumann (Eds.), Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices (2nd ed., Vol. 6, pp. 1127–1132). ABC-CLIO.
• Pasikowska-Schnass, M. (2020). Jewish communities in the European Union (At a Glance) [Information Sheet]. European Parliamentary Research Service.
• Pasquier, R. (2016). Regional and Local Government: Interpreting territorial politics. In R. Elgie, E. Grossman, & A. G. Mazur (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of French Politics (pp. 282–304). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199669691.013.13
• Pew Research Center. (2017). Europe’s Growing Muslim Population (Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures). Pew Research Center.
• Pew Research Center. (2018). Being Christian in Western Europe (Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures). Pew Research Center.
• ProQuest. (2017). France (French Republic). ProQuest & Brigham Young University. https://proquest.libguides.com/culturegrams
• Reed-Danahay, D. (2001). France. In M. Ember & C. R. Ember (Eds.), Countries and Their Cultures: Denmark to Kyrgyzstan (Vol. 2, pp. 791–806). Macmillan Reference USA; Advameg. https://www.everyculture.com/Cr-Ga/France.html
• Salzberg, A. (2021, April 26). Everything you need to know about French names. https://frenchtogether.com/french-names/
• The Economist. (2013, December 21). Bleak chic. The Economist. http://www.economist.com/news/christmas-specials/21591749-bleak-chic
• Transparency International. (2024). Corruption Perceptions Index 2023. https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2023
• Trigeaud, S.-H. (2012). France. In M. Juergensmeyer & W. C. Roof (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Global Religion. SAGE Publications.
• Willaime, J.-P. (2010). Protestantism in France: A minority defining its place in Catholic culture. In E. Sengers & T. Sunier (Eds.), Religious Newcomers and the Nation State: Political Culture and Organized Religion in France and the Netherlands (pp. 47–58). Eburon.
• Williams, Z. (2011, March 25). New Europe: Why France’s gender code makes life hard for women. Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/mar/25/new-europe-france-women-gender-code
• Woell, E. J. (2012). The Origins and Outcomes of Religious Schism, 1790–99. In P. McPhee (Ed.), A Companion to the French Revolution (pp. 145–160). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.